Loom for weaving fine fabrics



March 2 192s. 1575,30;

' A. ZANCHI LOOM FOR WEAVING FINE FABRICS Filed Dec. 11, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 LOOM FOR WEAVING FINE FABRICS Filed Dec. 11 1922 2 Sheets5heet 2 flaw/2221."-

Patented Mar. 2, 192?.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFF IeE.

I ATIILIO zAncrrI, or snvEso-sAN PInTno, ITALY, assleivon'ro THE FIRM FRATELLI scrrwaaznnsnon a 00., or snvEso-sanrrnrao, ITALY.

LOOM FOB 'WEAVINGFINE FABRICS.

Application filed December 11, 1922. Serial No; 606,151.

To all 10/10/27. it may concern:

Be it known that I, A'r'rrmo ZANo ri, a. subject of the King of Italy, residingat Seveso-San Pietro, Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms for \Veaving Fine Fabrics, of which the following isa specification,reference being had therein. to the accompanying drawing.

.lnorder to be able to run wearing looms at higher speeds and to raise thereby the output, it has already been proposed to effect the beating up of the weft by means of an open reed or comb which osc-illates about a rocking shaft situated below the weft and between the batten and the point where the weft is beaten up, which rocking shaft is also moved in a vertical direction; the bat ten being provided with the closed, reed which in this case has only to guide the warp threads and. which forms thus only a guide reed or slay.

These known constructions of looms are, however, not suitable for weaving fine materials such as silk. lVith these construe tions the teeth of the comb are withdrawn from the warp threads at the point where thejweft is beaten up or at a point lying close to said spot by moving the comb directly in a downward direction. The warp threads are: spread apart by the movementof the comb in order to beat up the weft, as the warp threads are at a greater distance from each other when they leave the guide reed than in the woven fabric, the comb however, has the same width as the reed. lVhen the comb is withdrawn from thewarp near the beating up point the warp. threads which have been spread apart will with great force take up their normal position and will thereby wipe against the points of the teeth of the e-0111b whereby the. threads will be injured by said points. it-h coarse threads thisincident is immaterial but when weavingline fabrics frequent ruptures of the warp threads will be caused thereby, and the utilization ofthe above describeddevice for weaving silk goods is therefore 6X- eluded.

to the present invention by swinging the comb at first away from the point where the beating up of the weft, occurs and withdrawing the teeth of the comb from the This disadvantage is overcome according warp by a downward movement of the comb at a point which is at a comparative great distance froin the beating up point; at this remote point the swing ing back movement of the warp threads into their normal position is so small and occurs with little force so that the latter are not injured; v i

I The oscillating movement of the comb betweenthe batten and the beating up point is preferablycaused by atoothed gearing, the gearelement with the smaller diameter being fixed to the rockingf shaft, whereas the cooperating gear element having the. larger diameter loosely mounted on the shaft ab'out whichrocking; sliaftswings in the vertical direction the oscillating, motion of the second gearelement. being derived in dependently from the moveinent in the vertical direction ofsaid shaft. I a .1.

One constructional example of theweaving loom according-to the present invention.

ings, in which: 7 U I ,5 r Fig. 1 is ayerticalsection the loom. Fig. 2' is a plan-view with :parts omitted,

Fig.3 a detail on an enlarged scale of the comb, M

F 5P7. show details of parts of the 10cm in different working positions.

. ,ltefenring now to the'drawings 1 denotes the batten which is provided with the reed Q by means of which the warp threads 3 are guided. Ashuttle wayds arranged in is, illustrated. on the accompanying drawthe batten 1 in which the shuttle 4 is mov able in .a horizontal plane in order to lay, the weft in a known manner. The 111621115 for beating up the weft comprises a comb 5provided with claw,shaped teeth 6, the teeth being curved towards the beating up point. The single teeth are inserted in a plate fixedto the shaft 7, the distancingbes tween adjacentteeth being effected by the coils of a wire 5 3), H

The. comb 5 is arrangedbelowthe warp threads and carried by. a rocking shaft 7 whic-hj is.loosely mounted arms 8 fixed toa shaft 9 which is rotatably mounted in the loomname 1D, To the ends of the rock.

ing shaft? eccentrics 11; are fixed. against" which the batten '1 which is ,pivotally mounted by arms 12 swinging about the fulem P n 1.3., msedbr h Pr ssur 9' the coil spring I4, abutment plates. 14

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(shown in detail in Fig. 5) for cooperation with the eccentrics 11 beingprovided on the shuttle boxes 15 of which one is shownin shaft 7 andof a toothed segment 17 coop-.

crating with said pinion and being loosely mounted on the shaft 9 and having a lever 18 extending in the downward direction. The extreme end of lever 18 is linked by the connecting rod l9to a crank 20 (Figs. 1' and 2) secured toa countershaft 21 which isrotatably mounted in the loom frame 10. From the main driving shaft rotationis imparted to the countershaft 21 by the pair of gear wheels 23, 2% providing for a speed ratio of 2 2 1. During each revolution of the countershaft/Zl the crank causes a swinging motion. of the toothed segment 17 whereby the comb 5 is causedto oscillate about the shaft 7 towards the beating up point S and back towards the batten.

A movement of the comb in. the transverse direction of the 100111 ,is'further effected by means described hereinafter. To provide for this transverse movement the connection between the lever 18 and the connecting rod 19 comprises twin arms 18 n which a pin 26 is carried. The width of the head 2'7 of the connecting rod 19 em bracing the pin 26 is smaller than the clear wit th between the arms 18 so that clearr ance is provided to permit of a movement of the shaft 9 that is trainsverse to the" loom or in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 9 and of the lever 18 without causing a jan'nning of the connecting rod 19. I To secure the connecting rod 19 against taking part in the longitudinal'movement of the shaft 9 the rod 19 is provided With an extension which projects into a guide part 29 (Fig. 7), the width of which corre-' sponds to the thickness of the extension 28, the height of whicluhowever, is larger than the respective dimension of the extension in order to permit of a movement of the latter in the vertical direction. 1

On the shaft 9 an arm 30 is fixed, the end of which is linked by means of the connect ing rod 31 to a rocking lever 32 pivotally mounted at 33 in the loom frame 10. The free end of the lever 32 is provided with a rolleririithat cooperates with a cam 35 fixed to the countershaft 21. A coil spring 36 causes the roller 31 to continuously bear against the cam 35. for the transverse movement of the comb and of the shaft" 9 the connection betweenone end of the connecting'rod 31 and the lever 82 is provided with a Card-a joint 25. Upon every revolution of the countershaft 21 an oscillating movement'of the sha t asse o i a t vet the P ts In order to provide 3035 which again causes a to and fro movement of the'shaft 7 and of the comb 5 in'the vertical direction. v

The means for imparting to the comb 5 a n'iovement in the transverse direction of the loom cause a movement of the shaft 9 in the longitudinal direction thereof and cam 39. The bell crank lever 41 is swingably mounted about a fulcrum 42 carried in a bracket 43 and to the other arm of the bell crank lever 41 there is connected a rod 44 which is linked at its other end to a pin 41.5 fixed on a collar -t6 that is'se' cured tothe shaft 9. A compression spring 46 causes the roller 40 to bear against the cam 39. r t

The harnesses -17 and 18 are shown in heir. respective position when the shed is open. The means for causing the movement of each harness are not shown-in detail as they are well known and do not form part of the present invention. The woven fabric passes over rolls 4:9 and 50 and iswound upon the cloth beam 51. The shuttle 1 is provided with a projecting part 52 which causes the weft thread to be'laid nearer to the beating up point.

The operation of the above described looni is as follows: I r

VVhena weft thread has been laid into the open shed by the movement of the shuttie along the shuttle race the comb 5 is swung by the action of the crank 20, the connecting rod 19 and the toothed gearing 17, 16 from the position shown in Fig. 1 towards the beating up point into the position shown in Fig. 4 and simultaneously the rocking shaft 7 which carries the comb 5 is moved in the upward direction by the action of cam 35, roc ring lever 32, connecting rod 31 and levers 30-and 8 on shaft 9. Thereby the teeth of the comb 5 enter between the warp threads at the rear of the weft thread and beat the latter up to the fabric. The comb 5 is thereafter swung back towards the batten 1 and performs at the same time a 'moven'ient in the downward direction, whereby the tips of the combleave the warp threads at a point near the batten in which the warp threads are at such a distance from'each other that this distance is not much increased by the comb. the re lieted warp threads will not move against each other with great force, so that ruptures of the warp threads are avoided. The vertical movement of the comb is the cause that h t h'ia eit fe h te t me e w en the warp threads than if the comb would only carry out; a swinging movement. Obviously the shorter time the teeth of the comb remain in between the warpthreads the more time is available for the other operations of the loom and the greater the 'speedof the loom. The claw shape of the teeth of the comb presents the advantage that the weft thread is securely gripped when being beaten up. The curvature at the rear of the-teeth of the comb 5 (Fig. 3) prevents damage to the teeth, when the teeth should incidentally strike against the shuttle, the latter is pushed away by the teeth.

During the oscillating movement of the rocking shaft 7 the eccentrics 11 push the batten 1; back to a small extent. Thereby the following result is attained: hen the comb 5 moves towards the beating up point- S it tends to push forward any warp thread that is broken behind the reed 2. This may cause thatsuch threadscome to lie transversely to the normal warp threads sothat they can hinder the passage of the shuttle and cause other interruptionsof the loom. The backward movement of the batten counteracts the tendency of the comb 5 to push the threads forward as the latter are moved in the backward direction by the reed 2.

The movement of the comb 5 in the trans verse direction of the loom effected by the screw-wheels 36, 37, shaft 38, cam 39, roller 40, bell crank lever 41 and link 44L serves the following purpose: It is practically impossible to attain a mathematically correct uniformity of the teeth of the comb 5 and of the reed 2, therefore the distance of the warp threads from each other will not be uniform across the whole width of the warp.-

This lack of uniformity will be noticed in the finished fabric. The transverse movement of the comb 5 has the effect that the same teeth of the latter do not occupy. the same place in the warp but change their places whereby an equalizing effect and a better uniformity of the finished fabric is attained. Any discrepancy in the distance of the individual teeth of the comb 5 and of the reed 2 is also equalized by this transverse movement of the comb 5. The eccentric 39 is preferably of such a shape that the shifting of the comb is not uniform but is alternately carried out to a larger or smaller degree. The larger shifting movement serves to prevent faulty parts in the' woven fabric that result from the lack of uniformity of the teeth of the comb and reed and the smaller shifting movement serves to overcome faults resulting from other reasons.

I claim:

1. In a loom for weaving fine fabrics, the combination of a batten, a reed on said batten for guiding the warp threads, a comb, ra k ng haft on which the comb is mount that is at a considerable ed, second shaft. parallel to said rocking shaft and carrying the rocking shaft, means to operate therocl'ci-ng shaft from the parallel' shaft to move the comb into and out of the warp at a point that is at a. considerable distance from the beating-up point.

2. In a loom for weaving fine fabrics, the combination of a batten, a reed on said batsaid rocking shaft up and down in the vertical direction so that the teeth of the comb are withdrawn from the warp at a point distance from the beating appoint. I

3. Ina loom for weaving fine fabrics, the

combination-of a batten, a reed on said bat-.

ten for guiding the warp threads, a comb for beating up the weft, a rocking shaft on which said comb is fixed arranged below the beating up point, a second shaft arranged parallel to the rocking shaft and carrying the latter, a pinion on the rocking shaft, a toothed segment on the second shaft cooperating with said pinion, means to impart an oscillating movement to said toothed segment, means to simultaneously move said rocking shaft up and down in the vertical direction so that the teeth of the comb are withdrawn from the Warp at a point that, is at a considerable distance from the beating up point, eccentrics mounted on the rocking shaft, and a spring for pressing the batten against said eccentrics, the batten being pushed backwards by said eccentrics when the rocking shaft oscillates.

4r. Ina loom for weaving fine fabrics, the combination of a batten, a reed on said batten for guiding the warp threads, a comb for beating up the weft, a rocking shaft on which said comb is fixed arranged below the beat-ing up point, a second shaft arranged parallel to the rocking shaft and carrying the latter, a pinion on the rocking shaft, a toothed segment on the second shaft coopcrating with said pinion, means to impart an oscillating movement to said toothed segment, means to simultaneously move said rocking shaft up and down in the vertical direction so that the teeth of the comb are withdrawn from the warp at a point that is at a considerable distance from the beating up point, and means to impart to the second shaft and thereby to. the comb a displacement in the transverse direction of the loom. a

'5. In. a 10 1.11 for czmng fine fabrics the combination of a'batten, a' reed on said batten for guiding the warp threads, acomb for beating up the weft, a rocking shaft on which said comb is fixed arranged below the beating up point, a second shaft arranged oscillating movement to said toothed segment, means to simultaneously move said rocking shaft up and down in the vertical direction so that the teeth of the comb are withdrawn from the warp at a point that is .15 at a considerable distance from the beating up point, and means to impart to the second shaft and thereby to the comb a varying dis placement in the transverse direction of the loom after every fewoperations ofthe'coinb.

I 6. In a loom for weaving fine fabrics, the

combination of a batten, a reed on said batten for guiding the warp threads, a comb-for beating up the weft, a rocking shaft on which said comb is fixed arranged below the beating up point, a second shaft arranged parallel to the rocking shaft and carrying thev latter, a pinion on the rocking shaft, a toothed segment on the second shaft cooperating with said pinion, means to impart an oscillating movement to said toothed segment, means to simultaneously move said rocking shaft up and down in the vertical direction so that the teeth of:the comb are withdrawn from the warp at a point that is ata considerable distance from the beating up'point, eccentrics mounted on the rocking shaft, and a spring for pressing the batten against said eccentrics, the batten being pushed backwards by said eccentrics when the rocking shaft oscillates, and means to impart to the second shaft and thereby to he comb a varyingdisplacement in the transverse direction of the loom after every few operations of the comb. I

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

ATTILIO ZANCHI. 

